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Networking

Covers VLANs, VPN configuration, DNS, and network topology.


Network Topology

Internet
[router01 / Edge Firewall]
[sw01 / Managed Switch]
   ├── VLAN 10 — Management (192.168.10.0/24)
   ├── VLAN 20 — Servers / Homelab (192.168.20.0/24)
   ├── VLAN 30 — IoT (192.168.30.0/24)
   └── VLAN 99 — Trusted Clients (192.168.99.0/24)

VLANs

VLAN ID Name Subnet Gateway Notes
10 Management 192.168.10.0/24 192.168.10.1 Switch, AP, router management
20 Servers 192.168.20.0/24 192.168.20.1 All homelab hosts — static IPs only
30 IoT 192.168.30.0/24 192.168.30.1 Isolated — no inter-VLAN routing
99 Trusted 192.168.99.0/24 192.168.99.1 Laptops, phones

DNS

Primary DNS: Pi-hole on pi01

  • Upstream: Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 / 1.0.0.1 (DNS over HTTPS)
  • Local domain: home.lab

Key Local DNS Records

Hostname IP Service
host01.home.lab 192.168.20.x Primary Docker host
nas01.home.lab 192.168.20.x NAS
grafana.home.lab 192.168.20.x Grafana (via NPM)
portainer.home.lab 192.168.20.x Portainer

VPN

WireGuard (Remote Access)

  • Port: 51820/UDP
  • Server: runs on host01 or edge router

Tailscale (Zero-config Remote Access)

  • Used for quick remote access without port forwarding
  • Exit node enabled on host01
  • MagicDNS: enabled

Firewall Rules

Rule Source Destination Action
Allow management from trusted VLAN 99 VLAN 10 Allow
Block IoT to servers VLAN 30 VLAN 20 Block
Allow DNS to Pi-hole All VLANs pi01:53 Allow
Block inter-VLAN (default) All All Block
Allow WireGuard inbound WAN host01:51820 Allow